Modelo de Cuidados Alternativos Aplicables en la República de Guatemala
2018
Guatemala
This country page features an interactive, icon-based data dashboard providing a national-level overview of the status of children’s care and care reform efforts (a “Country Care Snapshot”), along with a list of resources and organizations in the country.
demographic_data
16.35 million
Total Population
Census, 2018
6.57 million
People
Total Population Under 18
Estimate
40.19%
Population Under 18
Census, 2018
4.5
People
Mean Household Size
Census, 2018
25.1%
Prevalence of Female-Headed Households
DHS 2014-2015
Upper Middle Income Country
World Bank GNI Status
World Bank, 2019
59.3%
Living Below Poverty Line
Instituto Nacional de Estadística - Guatemala, 2014
48.3
GINI Coefficient
World Bank, 2014
0.651
Human Development Index
UNDP, 2019
childrens_living_arrangement
%
Country
NO SOURCE GIVEN
65.2%
Living with Both Parents
DHS 2014-2015
27.3%
Living with One Parent
DHS 2014-2015
7%
Living with Neither Parent
NO SOURCE GIVEN
%
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
children_living_without_bio
77%
Both Parents Alive
BCN Analysis of 2014-2105 DHS Data
19%
One Parent Dead
BCN Analysis of 2014-2105 DHS Data
4%
Both Parents Dead
BCN Analysis of 2014-2105 DHS Data
54.8%
Children living below poverty line
Pobreza Multidimensional infantil y adolescente en Guatemala: PRIVACIONES A SUPERAR. 2016, ICEFI y UNICEF
5.3%
Children with Disabilities
ENDIS 2016
i
age 2-17
Left Behind Children (Migration)
30,329
children
CIPRODENI, 2019
i
NNA aprehendidos en la frontera sur de EEUU: 30,329
NNA Guatemaltecos retornados: 20,028
Ethnic Minority children
3.01 million
children
Census, 2018
i
Mayan 2,866,111 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Garífuna 7, 280 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Xinka 123,387 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Afromestizo 12,321 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Children affected by HIV
35
children
Informe epidemiológico de VIH del MSPAS 2017
i
age 0-19
Children in conflict with the law
1,131
children
Cuaderno de Debate: Adolescentes en Conflicto con la Ley Penal desde la justicia restaurativa, FLACSO, 2017
i
aged 13-18
0 Families/Parents
0 Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
0 Families/Parents
0 Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Total Family-Based Alternative Care
- - Families/Parents
- - Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Foster Care
150 Foster Families/Foster Parents
63 Children
i
150 approved foster families, 63 children approved and placed in 47 families
Information provided via phone call with the Foster Care Program of the SBS, 14 April 2020
Formal Kinship Care
- - Families/Parents
- - Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Total Residential Care
- - Settings
- - Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Larger Institutions
146 Settings
3,863 Children
i
146 (124 private and 22 public facilitiies) and 4,215 children
National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019
Transit Centres/Shelters
1 Settings
- - Children
Secretaría de Bienestar Social de la Presidencia
Lancet Global Study Estimate of Children Living in Institutional Care
10,939 Children
i
Lower Bound: 10811.43
Upper Bound: 11065.58
Desmond, et al, 2020
adoption
NO DATA AVAIABLE
Country
NO SOURCE GIVEN
115
children
Domestic Adoption
Information provided via phone call with the CNA, 28 September 2020
i
From Jan-Sept 2020. 53 completed and 62 in process.
0
children
Inter-country Adoption
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Moratorium on intercountry adoption since 2008
NO DATA AVAIABLE
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
94%
Children with Both Parents Alive
DHS
5.2%
Children with One Parent Alive
DHS
0.3%
Children with Both Parents Dead
DHS
Country
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
% GDP
7
Social Welfare Spending
Ministry of Finance
i
Government spend on social welfare is 6.9% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
% GDP
3
Child Welfare Spending
Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Fiscales
i
Government spend on child welfare is 3.48% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
%
0
Child Protection Spending
Child Fund. Guatemala: 10 años de inversión en niñez y adolescencia
i
Government spend on child protection is 0.08% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Alternative Care Policy in Line with the 2009 Guidelines
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
As a “public policy” it does not exist but there are applicable legal mechanisms, such as the Adoption Law and the SBS Agreement that includes the Foster Family program. // Como “política pública” no existe pero sí existen mecanismos legales aplicables, como la Ley de Adopciones y el Acuerdo de la SBS que crea el programa de Familias de Acogimiento Temporal.
Commitment to Deinstitutionalistion
Partly
Consejo Nacional de Adopciones (CNA), 2018; Child Frontiers, 2012
i
1. Pilot plan for deinstitutionalization in Chimaltenago // Plan piloto de desinstitucionalización (DI) en Chimaltenago
2. National Commission of Deinstitutionalization // Comisión Nacional de DI (Plan de DI OJ y PGN)
3. Buckner, with DCOF funds, had a deinstitutionalization (DI) project focused on children under three years of age.
4. Holt International had a DI program in 2008-10 with GHR funds.
Comprehensive Child Protection Law
Yes
Ley de Protección Integral de la Niñez y Adolescencia, 2003
Continuum of Alternative Care Services Available
Partly
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Kinship care readily used but informally, foster care exists but very limited
Data System
Limited
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Each government body has some type of data collection system but nothing centralized. Changing the Way We Care (CTWWC) has done an internal report on this.
Existence of a Regulatory Body and Regulatory System
Partly
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
CNA has oversight and responsibility to register private residential care facilities. Four different government bodies have mandates for different roles and responsibilities of the child protection system: Judiciary, Attorney General, Secretariat for Social Welfare and National Adoption Council.
Gatekeeping Mechanism/Policy
Partly
Reglamento de la Procuraduría de Niñez y Adolescencia 56-2018
Means of Tracking Progress with Reforms
Yes
Care System Assessment completed in 2020 and will be used as a baseline
i
Using the Care System Assessment, to be finalized
Moratorium on Admission into Institutions for Children Under 3
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Moratorium on New Institutions
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
National Action Plan to Guide Reforms
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
National Standards of Care
Limited
Standards for Residential Care, Consejo Nacional de Adopciones (CNA)
i
There are 15 standards in CNA
Prevention of Separation Services Available
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Programa de Madres en Conflicto con su Maternidad del Consejo Nacional de Adopciones
Support for Careleavers (in Legislation and in Practice)
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Legislation Governing Children's Care
Yes
Ley de Protección Integral de la Niñez y Adolescencia, Decreto 27-2003; Ley de Adopciones 77-2007
key_stakeholders
Key Stakeholders
Add New DataCountry
Government
i
Formulación, coordinación y ejecución de las Políticas Públicas de Protección Integral de la Niñez y Adolescencia // Formulate, coordinate and execute public policy as it relates to child protection
i
Representar legalmente a los NNA Ley de Protección de Niñez y Adolescencia, Decreto 27-2003. Artículo 108 // Legal representative of children and adolescents as per Decree 27-2003, Article 108
i
Garantiza los derechos de los NNA en el Proceso de Protección Ley de Protección de Niñez y Adolescencia, Decreto 27-2003. Artículo 103 // Guarantor of children's rights in child protection cases as per Decree 27-2003, Article 103
i
Responsable de reestablecer los derechos de NNA a desarrollarse integralmente en un ambiente permanente a través de la preservación en su familia biológica o la integración en una familia adoptiva Ley de Adopciones, Decreto 77.2017 // Responsible for all matters concerning adoption and oversight of private residential care homes as per the Adoption Law.
i
Responsable de dotar de servicios básicos orientados a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los NNA // Responsible for the provision of basic services to children with the aim of improving life conditions.
i
Facilitar que los estudiantes construyan aprendizajes pertinentes a su contexto sociocultural y relevantes al desarrollo psicobiosocial. // Responsible for the provision of education to all children.
i
Le corresponde formular las políticas y hacer cumplir el régimen jurídico relativo a la salud // Responsible for formulating and executing public policy related to public health
Civil Society Organisations
i
Christian-based network of protection homes
i
Private NGO serving female victims of trafficking,. Strong advocacy presence
i
Network for the articulation of efforts of 11 Non-Governmental Organizations committed to the defense, promotion and protection of the Rights of Girls, Boys and Adolescents
i
Non-profit association dedicated to the care, protection and guarantee of the human rights of children and adolescents.
i
Faith based organization providing temporary care for young women but also providing reintegration services
i
Provider of residential care
i
Faith-based provider of care.
i
Global NGO expert on child health, education and protection
Effective
Other Relevant Reforms
Add New DataEffective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Child Protection
i
Iniciativa de Ley No. 52-85 Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Source: Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Decentralisation
i
Iniciativa de Ley No. 52-85 Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Source: Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Migration
i
Código de Migración, Decreto 44-2006
Source: Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Education
Source: MINEDUC
i
Ley de Educación Especial 59-2007
drivers_of_institutionalisation
Drivers of Institutionaliziation
Add New DataCountry
Push Factors
"Riesgo Social"
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files. "Riesgo social" is open to interpretation but often is a "catch all" for poverty or violence.
Neglect
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Sexual Abuse
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Abandonment
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Family and Economic Situation
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Violation of Rights
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Orphanhood
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Maltreatment
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Violence
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
"Convenio"
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Effective
key_research_and_information
Key Data Sources
Add New DataCountry
Prevalence and number of children living in institutional care: global, regional, and country estimates
06 Mar 2020
Reglamento de la Procuraduría de la Niñez y la Adolescencia de la Procuraduría General de la Nación
08 May 2018
Revisión del gasto público asociado al cuidado de la niñez y adolescencia en Guatemala (2015 - 2019)
01 Jul 2020
Effective
Acknowledgements
Data for this country care snapshot was contributed by a consultant with Maestral International and partners at Changing the Way We Care.
Displaying 101 - 110 of 150
Entre el 7 y 11 de marzo de 2017, investigadores de Disability Rights International (DRI) viajaron a Guatemala para entrevistar los sobrevivientes de vivienda institucional. Este documento presente la información recopilada y las recomendaciones de DRI a Guatemala.
File
DRI’s main finding is that survivors of the fire at Hogar Seguro Virgen de la Asunción face immediate danger – including detention in other institutions where they face continued segregation and abuse.
File
This article from Mission News Network covers the complicated history of orphanages in Guatemala.
An account of the corruption behind the tragic fire in Guatemala that ended with the death of at least 37 girls.
El informe tiene como propósito presentar a las autoridades gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, agencias de cooperación internacional, medios de comunicación social, instituciones académicas, centros de investigación y población en general, los resultados obtenidos que muestran las condiciones de salud reproductiva, salud materno infantil y para los demás temas incluidos en la encuesta.
File
Extracting on chronologic data, this book discusses the politics and practice of intercountry adoption starting with the state international adoption to in the 1950s continuing to present-day adoption practice and protections.
In this New York Times opinion piece, Kristof discusses one family’s story about the abuses they experienced while living in Honduras. His article highlights the dangers families are facing in Central America. He discusses how President Obama’s deportation policies are forcing families to stay in countries where their lives are at risk, and he argues that U.S. policies need to change in order to provide a safe haven for children and families at risk.
This Op-Ed piece from the New York Times offers harsh criticism of the U.S. and Mexican policy that sends young refugees back to the communities they are risking their lives to escape.
This paper examines the immigration of children from Central America to the USA by setting the context of immigration across the USA–Mexico border, reviewing the extent and causes of the influx in immigration, and detailing the political, legal, and social work responses to the child migrants.
This is an update on the ISS-USA Regional Conference in Guatemala.